自动控制文献翻译——车站信号控制系统是铁路控制领域的重要控制系统之一。随着计算机技术、电子技术的迅猛发展以及对铁路行车作业效率和安全性要求的进一步提高，以计算机为控制核心的计算机联锁系统正逐步替代传统的继电控制系统，代表了车站联锁系统的发展方向，并向着区域计算机联锁的方向发展。

作为一个为安全性苛刻系统，计算机联锁系统应具有“故障-安全”特性，这是铁路系统中永恒的主题。所谓的“故障-安全”原则通俗的讲就是在系统发生故障时不至于发生危险，而是导向安全侧。为了体现“故障-安全”原则，系统采用了硬件及软件容错技术，提高系统的可靠性和安全性，并从理论上对系统安全性与可靠性作出了分析和研究。实践证明，容错技术是提高系统可靠性和安全性的重要途径。常用的容错方式有：硬件容错、软件容错、信息容错及时间容错等。容错技术在铁路信号领域中，特别是计算机联锁系统方面得到了广泛的应用。

系统在硬件设计上融合了容错思想，采用了双机热备的冗余结构，实现故障主备机自动切换。软件设计采用模块化设计思想，充分考虑到模块间的内聚性和耦合性，尽量做到高内聚性、低耦合性，增加模块的独立性和灵活性。系统中按照不同的任务将软件划分成不同的模块，如合法性检查模块、进路搜索模块、进程通信模块及系统状态检查模块等，提高软件的标准化程度和代码的重用性。此外在软件设计中，充分利用各种冗余措施提高系统的安全性和可靠性。如采用了针对联锁数据的容错技术，具体表现在对涉安信息的编码上，用一对码距最远的数据编码分别来表示一个设备的两种相反的状态；在信息传输中采用了差错控制技术，以保证系统数据传输的可靠性和安全性；软件整体编码采用了任务级冗余，程序段冗余以及模块冗余等。任务级冗余是实时系统中瞬间故障的恢复方法之一。在实时多任务环境下......

Railway Station Signal Control System is the most important system in the field of railway transportation. With the rapid development of computer and electronics technique, and the traditional Relay interlocking is being replaced by The Computer Interlocking System (CIS), which represents the development direction of Railway Station Signal Control System, and the development trend of the CIS is Regional Interlocking.

As a kind of Safety Critical System, it is vital for the CIS to have the characteristic of “Fault-Safety”, which is the permanent center theme in the domain of Railway. Popularly speaking, the “Fault-Safety” principle is that when the fault is occurring in the system, the system steps to the side of safety, but not the side of danger. In order to realize the “Fault-safety”, the fault-tolerance technology of hardware and software are both adopted in the system, which enhances the system’s reliability and safety. Moreover, some study and analysis on the theory are made in the thesis. It is proved in the practice that the fault-tolerant technology is a effective measure to enhance system’s reliability and safety, and the technology in common used are hardware fault-tolerance, software fault-tolerance, information fault-tolerance, time fault-tolerance and so on. So this tech is widely used in the Railway signal control field, especially in the CIS.

On the system’s hardware design, it combines fault-tolerance thought with the present railway interlocking redundancy structure of the duplicated fault-tolerant system, the Main Interlocking computer and the standby can auto-switch when the main faults. On the system software design, the module-design thought was adopted, and fully considering the cohesion and coupling among modules, we do the best to improve the cohesion and bate the coupling among the modules, so that can enhance modules’ autocephaly and agility. According to the function, the software is divided into several modules, such as Validity-Check module, Route-Search module, Inter-process Communication module, System Status-Check module and so on, which approves the software standardization level and the program-code reuse. Moreover, in order to improve the reliability and safety, some redundancy measures are used in software design. The fault-tolerance technology on Interlocking Data is adopted, and concretely embody on the coding of safety-relating information, in which two codes having the biggest code-distance are used to represent two opposite statues of one set; To ensure the safety and reliability of system data, error-control technology is used in the information transmission; Task-level......