通信工程文献翻译——传感器是一种物理装置或生物器官，能够探测、感受外界的信号、物理条件（如光、热、度或化学组成（如烟雾），并将探知的信息传递给其他装置或器官。英文名称：transducer / sensor 国家标准GB7665-87对传感器下的定义是：“能感受规定的被测量件并按照一定的规律转换成可用信号的器件或装置，通常由敏感元件和转换元件组成”。传感器是一种检测装置，能感受到被测量的信息，并能将检测感受到的信息，按一定规律变换成为电信号或其他所需形式的信息输出，以满足信息的传输、处理、存储、显示、记录和控制等要求。它是实现自动检测和自动控制的首要环节。    

功能

常将传感器的功能与人类5大感觉器官相比拟：光敏传感器——视觉 声敏传感器——听觉 气敏传感器——嗅觉 化学传感器——味觉 压敏、温敏、流体传感器——触觉　敏感元件的分类：①物理类，基于力、热、光、电、磁和声等物理效应。②化学类，基于化学反应的原理。③生物类，基于酶、抗体、和激素等分子识别功能。通常据其基本感知功能可分为热敏元件、光敏元件、气敏元件、力敏元件、磁敏元件、湿敏元件、声敏元件、放射线敏感元件、色敏元件和味敏元件等十大类（还有人曾将敏感元件分46类）。

传感器按照其原理分类

有振动传感器湿敏传感器、磁敏传感器、气敏传感器、真空度传感器、生物传感器等。     

然而气敏传感器作为一大类对各种气体敏感的器件，能检测各种气体的成分和浓度，所以被广泛应用于探测各种有毒、有害气体；探测各种可燃性气体；探测温室效应气体和污染环境气体；监测和监控汽车尾气、工业废气；探测和分析鱼、肉等食品发出的气味和人的呼气，以了解食品的新鲜度和人的健康状况，…。总之，随着科学技术的进步、人民生活水平和生活质量的提高，气敏传感器的应用领域越来越扩大。随着应用领域的扩大，人们对气敏传感器的要求也越来越高，要求其灵敏度高、选择性好、功耗低，体积小、重量轻、价格低，集成化、智能化、多功能化等。

各种传统的气敏传感器，只要对其结构和制作工艺作相应改变，原则上都可用MEMS技术来制造，成为MEMS气敏传感器。随着强大的微电子工业对它的有力支持，IC技术......

Sensor is a physical device or biological organs, can detect, feeling outside signal, physical conditions, such as light, heat, degrees or chemical composition (such as smoke), and the discovery of information to other devices or organs. English name: transducer/sensor GB7665-87 national standards for the definition of the sensor is: \"can feel the provisions that is measured according to certain rules can be converted into a signal devices or device, usually by sensitive components and conversion components.\" sensor is a detection device, can feel the information is measured, and can feel of the information, test according to certain rule transformation become electrical signals or other required forms of information output, to meet the information transmission, processing, storage, display, record and control requirements. It is achieve automatic detection and automatic control of the first link.

function

Often the function of the sensors with human 5 big sense organs par: photosensitive sensor-visual sound sensor--hearing gas sensors-smell chemical sensors-taste pressure sensitive, WenMin, fluid sensor--touch sensitive element classification: (1) physical class, based on force, heat, light, electric, magnetic harmony etc physical effects. (2) the chemical class, based on the principle of chemical reaction. (3) of biological, based on the enzyme, antibodies, and hormone and molecular recognition function. According to the basic perception usually function can be divided into temperature sensing elements, photosensitive components, gas-sensitive element, force sensitive components, magnetic susceptibility components, wet sensitive components, sound sensitive components, radiation sensitive components, color sensitive components and taste sensitive components, the 10 categories (and people who brought sensitive components points 46 class).

According to the classification of sensor principle

Vibration sensor wet sensor magnetic sensor vacuum gas sensor sensor biological sensors, etc.

But as a gas sensor to various kinds of gas sensitive device, capable of detecting various gas composition and concentration, so are widely used in detect all kinds of poisonous and harmful gas; All kinds of combustible gas detection; The greenhouse gas detection and pollution environment gas; Monitoring and control car tail gas, industrial waste gas; Detection and analysis, .......