自动控制文献翻译——东海道新干线

1964年10月在1964年东京奥运会之前，东京和大阪的东海道新干线开始赢利。列车司机操纵台上的ATC系统和机车信号，为速度自动控制系统提供速差制信号。ATC在确保高速铁路的安全性和稳定性方面有着重要的作用。1955年，ATC的发展要求对AF轨道电路和AF机车报警装置进行研究。

东海道新干线的出现在铁路信号领域是一项显著的革新。尽管对于ATC和CTC定义的电子信号的介绍晚于新干线系统，但是ATC和机车信号的观念可以追溯到1938年即提出首个“子弹头列车”设想的时间。从技术上讲，Kilocycle轨道电路（1957年在北陆线引进）和A型机车报警装置（1957年在东海道线引进）为ATC和机车信号提供依据。

在新干线的发展过程中，工程师们意识到连续式ATC对于以210㎞/h的速度运行的高速列车是必不可少的，基于刚刚发展并投入使用的Kilocycle轨道电路（后称AF轨道电路）和A型机车报警装置的机车信号自动控制系统会高效地执行。ATC的特点是：用许多最新的发达的晶体管和三重冗余电路构造成的一个非常可靠的系统，正如将信号设备集中的方式一样使信号的安装......

Tokaido Shinkansen

The Tokaido Shinkansen started revenue operations Tokyo and Osaka in October 1964 just before the 1964 Tokyo Olympics. It used an ATC system with cab signaling to display a speed signal on the driver's console for automatic speed control. ATC played an important role in assuring the safety and stability of high-speed railways. ATC development required research on AF track circuits and an AF cab warning device in 1955.

The Tokaido Shinkansen was a remarkable innovation in railway signaling. Although introduction of electronic signaling typified by ATC and CTC underlies the shinkansen system, the concept of ATC with cab signaling dates back to 1938 when the first ‘bullet train’ project was planned. Technically, the kilocycle track circuit (introduced on the Hokuriku Line in 1957) and the Type-A cab warning device (introduced on the Tokaido Line in 1957) provided the foundation for ATC with cab signaling.

In developing the shinkansen, engineers realized that a continuous ATC would be indispensable to high-speed trains running at 210 km/h and that such signalling systems could be implemented most efficiently by a cab signal with automatic brake control based on the kilocycle track circuit (later AF track circuit) and Type-A cab warning device that had just been developed and put to practical use. The ATC was characterized by use of many newly developed transistors and a triple-redundant circuit to build a very reliable system as well as use of a signal device concentration method to facilitate signal installation and maintenance.

The research on AF track circuits and AF cab-warning device was followed by testing on the Senzan Line and high-speed testing on the Kodama commuter limited express in 1958. In July 1962, the first practical ATC was installed in the Kamonomiya signal box for general testing before the opening of the Tokaido Shinkansen. 

After the opening, the ATC system continued to operate stably while other signal systems suffered teething troubles. Improvements to signal aspects, etc., were made when extra speed limit levers were installed for 160 and 110 km/h. About 10 years after the opening, the electrolytic capacitors had become so deteriorated......