通信工程文献翻译——在中国地理信息系统（GIS）的研究和应用最早开始于八十年代初。在早期，GIS的发展主要依靠遥感、空间成相和计算机辅助设计（CAD）的发展于应用。在最近几年，随着GPS和互联网科技的发展，GIS已经开始在这个国家强健的发展。展望21世纪，一个“数字地球”和“虚拟空间”新纪元的来临，将为中国的GIS行业带来很大的机遇于挑战。

1.GIS的发展步伐

中国的GIS研究可以追溯到八十年代早期。在那时，一个遥感应用工程正在中国的西南部实施，通过GIS的方法综合遥感数据来解决地域自动测量。在第一次成功测试GIS之后，开始GIS研究的计划在中科院被提出。从那时起，GIS在中国的研究和应用都取得了很大的成功。它的发展历程可以分为四个阶段。

1981-1985，这是它在中国的起步阶段。在这个时期，GIS还主要停留在研究和试验阶段，许多的中科院和研究所的科学家开始沿着国外GIS发展的路径。在国家科技委员会和中科院的支持下，许多的研究项目开始启动，意在建立一些典型的案例信息系统。在这个时期，5个系统的研究已经在执行中。那些是地理数据捕获方法，局部信息系统模型，国家基本地理数据库的建立，地理分析软件的发展和国家地理数据标准和规范。其中最具影响的是GIS技术规范的草案，超过50位的科学家和专家参与到其中。第一个国家GIS重点实验室在中科院地理学会建立，提供一个开放的、新型的、专门的GIS研究实验室。同时，一大批GIS人员获得了培训，其中的一些今天以成为这方面的专家。

在1986-1990这个时期，GIS技术的重要性已经被政府不用水平的官员认同，更多的科学家开始把它作为他们研究的一个工具。一个在国家计划委员会和国家科技委员会支持的遥感应用的国家重点项目的实施过程中，一个国家级的GIS研究项目开始启动。这个项目主要关注于洪水的预报和预防办法，

Researches and applications of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in China started in the early 1980s. In the early period, the development of GIS was mainly depended on the progress and applications of remote sensing, aerial photography, as well as computer aided design (CAD). In recent years, with the development of GPS and Internet technology, GIS has being developed vigorously in the country. Looking ahead to the 21st century, a new era of "Digital Earth" and "Cyberspace" is coming, which will provide a great opportunity as well as a challenge to the China's GIS circles. 

1. Progress Pace of GIS

Researches of GIS in China can date back to the early 1980. At that time, a remote sensing application project was being carried on in Southwest China and using GIS method integrated with remote sensing data to solve the area measurement automatically was initiated. After the first successful test of GIS, a proposal to start GIS research was proposed in the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). Since then a great success has been achieved both in research and application of GIS in China. While its history or progress pace can be divided into four periods. 

From 1981-1985, it is the initial period of GIS in China. During this period, GIS was mainly keep in research and experimental stage, a number of scientists in CAS and some high learning institutes started to follow the tracks of GIS development in world. With the support of the State Science and Technology Commission (SSTC) and CAS, a number of research projects were initiated and conducted, leading to build up some typical case information systems. In this period five systematical and experimental researches had been conducted. Those are geo-data capture methods, regional information system modeling, national basic geographic databases building, development of geo-analysis software