地理信息系统文献翻译——摘要：地理信息系统产生于60年代中期，但在我国起步较晚。本文首先介绍了GIS的基本概念、功能和构成，然后简述了GIS在精确农业，耕地地力等级评价，害虫治理和农业水资源管理上的应用，最后阐明了目前存在的问题及其解决的对策（方案）。 

关键词：地理信息系统；精确农业；耕地地力；害虫治理；农业水资源管理 

随着经济的发展与社会的进步，农业技术的发展也得到空前提高。农业生产可以和诸多技术结合应用，从而很好的节约水资源和肥力资源以及市土地得到更好的休养生息等。本文详细介绍了地理信息系统（GIS）的相关信息，并将GIS应用于农业生产的各个方面做出了具体阐述。这是国际上研究的热点，并在实际应用中取得了良好的效果，不但使农民增收效果显著，而且减少了更多的人工过程，从而减少了很多人力与财力的投入。国内的研究也正在火热的进行，但很少在农业生产上得到实际应用。可以说将GIS应用于农业生产是将来的发展方向，本文详细阐明了其结合应用和相关注意事项以及一些存在问题的解决方案。

1 GIS在农业上的应用 

社会的需求推动着社会的发展和进步。当诺基尔·汤姆林逊博士发现地图存在着一些弊端时，在1960年提出了一个新颖的思想，要把地图变成数字形式的地图，便于计算机存贮、处理和分析，当时很少有人能看到计算机在这个新的领域中的应用前景，正是这个诱人的思想导致了地理信息系统的诞生，燃起了地理信息系统蓬勃兴起的燎原大火。经过三十多年的发展，GIS越来越显示出它应用领域的广泛和强大的生命力以及非常广泛的应用前景，并成为了地理学的第三代语言。下面简述一下GIS在农业领域中的应用。 

1.1 GIS在精确农业中的应用 

精细农业这一名词已经开始成为农业革命性发展的代名词。“精细农业”技术体系是农学、农业工程、电子与信息科技等多种学科知识的组装集成，其应用研究发展必将带动一批直接面向农业生产者应用服务的电子信息高新技术。PA强调各种与作物生长有关因素的空间差异性，如土壤的N、P、K、石灰、pH等，通常将GPS接受设备安装在采样车或施肥机械......

Abstract：The Geographic Information System (GIS) began in mid 1960s, but started late in our country. This paper introduces the basic concept, function - and the composition of GIS, then describes GIS’s application in precision agriculture, evaluation of plowland fertility, pest management and assessment of agricultural water resources management. Finally, it expounds the existing problems of GIS and the countermeasures to those problems.  

Key words: GIS；Precision Agriculture；plowland fertility；pest control；management of agricultural water resources

With the economic development and social progress, the development of agricultural technology has been an unprecedented increase. Agricultural production and many technical applications to the conservation of water resources and fertility of resources, and land to recuperate betterAnd so on. This paper describes a geographic information system (GIS) information, and application of GIS in various aspects of agricultural production made specifically addressed. This is a research focus on international, and achieved good results in practical applications, not only the farmers' income effect significant, but also reduce the more artificial process, thereby reducing the input of many human and financial resources. Domestic research is hot, but very little practical application in agricultural production. It can be said that the application of GIS in agricultural production is the future direction of development, this article elaborates on the joint application and the related Notes and problems solution.

1 The Application of GIS on Agriculture

The needs of the community to promote social development and progress. Nuoji Er Tomlin Johnson Dr. found the map there are some drawbacks, a novel idea in 1960, put the map into a digital form of maps, to facilitate computer storage, processing and analysis, when few can see the computer in this new field of prospects, it is tempting thought led to the birth of a geographic information system, lit the prairie fire of a geographic information system booming. After 30 years of development, GIS has......