自动控制文献翻译——摘要：铁路通信技术发生了革命性的改变，使它们从模拟时代到数字时代。欧洲铁路运输管理系统(ERTMS)用综合全面的解决方案取代了许多不兼容的模拟无线电系统，经典的侧轨的迹象以及传统的机车信号。

本文简要介绍铁路的GSM(GSM-R)，这是支持ERTMS的统一通信技术，其容量和性能方面的缺点作为进一步发展需要的基础被讨论。

关键字： 欧洲铁路运输管理系统; 全球铁路通信系统; 铁路信号

1.简介

通信技术在铁路系统中一直发挥着至关重要的作用，因为它的大小，很长的距离，大量的员工和乘客，不断的流动性。例如，列车定位的精确和实时信息允许在相同的轨道上运行多趟列车。这说明了有效的通信是影响铁路运输表现的一个必然因素。

铁路的发展创造了一个持续改进的通信需求。例如，在很长一段时间内，基于铁路工作人员的一个可靠的语音无线电通信成为一个铁路安全服务。最近，一个连续在驾驶室内的信号也变得非常重要，为了列车以更高的速度运行，为了提高轨道容量，为了通过持续监督列车运行以提高安全性。此外，常见的国际通信标准允许运行列车没有中断的跨越国界。所有这些因素提高了列车运行，并且反过来又增加铁路对旅客的吸引力，使得它比其他运输方式，更具有竞争力。这些都是从模拟语音通信和经典的侧轨的信号向统一的数字系统，如ERTMS发展的原因。

ERTMS和其通信技术GSM-R是铁路上的一次改革。然而，他们必须不断发展，以消除显著的缺点，并且利用列车和基础设施之间通过无线数字建立连接创造的可能性。

接下来的部分对ERTMS作了简短的概述，而下面的部分把重点放在GSM-R上，......

Abstract：Railway communication technologies undergo a revolutionary change bringing them from the analog to the digital era. The European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS) replaces numerous incompatible analog radio systems, classical side-track signs and legacy in-cab signaling with an integrated comprehensive solution.

This paper presents an overview of GSM-Railways (GSM-R), which is the unified communication  technology supporting ERTMS. Its shortcoming in terms of capacity and capability are discussed as a foundation for the need for further developments.

Key words: ERTMS，GSM-R，Railway signalling

1. Introduction

Communication technologies have always played a crucial role in the railway system due to its size, long distances, large number of employees and passengers and their constant mobility. For example, precise and real-time information about location of trains allows running more trains over the same track. This illustrates why efficient telecommunication is an inevitable element affecting the performance of railway transport.

The development of railways creates a continuous demand for an improved communication. For instance, a reliable voice radio communication between railway personnel has been a vital railway service for a long time. More recently, a continuous in-cab signaling also becomes essential in order to run trains at higher speeds, to increase track capacity and to improve safety by continuous supervision of train movement. Besides, common international communication standards allow running trains across country borders without interruptions. All of these elements improve railway operation, what in turn increases railway attractiveness for passengers and makes it more competitive.......