自动控制文献翻译——1980年瑞典提出了一个可靠和安全的列车自动控制系统。从工程学的角度来看，ATC成功的关键是在70年代中期形成的工程学。ATC版本1在1980年到I993年一直在一个没有变化的软件上运做。自1993年以来，ATC版本2继续了这个卓著的纪录并且适应了新市场和新要求。在瑞典，大约有1000套上机系统的ATC机车设施。操作系统核心能被新产品版本多次利用，有很好的“黑匣子”记录器和超过20个ATC模拟器。本文从工程上的角度，发展的角度和维护的角度来评价审计ATC。最后，本文首先回顾了从ATC应用上得到的经验教训然后又回顾了这些概念准则在瑞典的进一步应用。

1 介绍

成千上万的列车乘客的安全取决于整个铁路系统的可靠的相关安全设备。其中一个很重要的是对列车司机的监视；那就必须要保证他们遵守限速、信号状态和其它情况。过去二十年期间，在欧洲和在别的地方有好几次列车事故都是由于列车司机违章操作造成的。现在经常指的列车自动防护系统（ATP）的作用70年代晚期瑞典作为列车自动控制系统（ATC）开始被实施。

在本文开头提出了瑞典ATC系统的概念。特别是在在70年代上机系统中由于标准无线电通信的设想和开发，以及现在拥有的电话AB和ATSS（模拟行车信号系统），Teknogram AB将做进一步开发和维护并且被审查。这个系统成功的主要原因在于安全列控系统被引用了超过20年。本文是由在ATC系统中发挥了不同作用的四个人共同编写了；这四个人分别是即作为设计者、开发商和软件的较新版本的维护员和检验器。

2 ATC作用和环境

ATC上机设备与诸如速度板和信号系统的铁路轨道路边设备一起使用。这样会维护和增加列车的安全，并且增加铁路系统的容量。

为了提升铁路运输效率需要在在现有的基础上增加列车速度而且列车必须以更短的间隔时间经营。这个增加的要求在安全系统在列车......

The properties of the Automatic Train Control System that has provided a reliable and safe function in Sweden since 1980 are described. Via an engineering view of the problem domain, an architecture evolved in the mid-1970s that has been a key factor in the SNCC~SS of ATC. ATC version I functioned properly front 1980 to I993 without a single change in the software. Since 1993, ATC version 2 has continued this outstanding record and has been adapted for new markets and new requirements. In Sweden, there are approximately 1000 ATC locomotive installations of the on-board system. The operating system core has been re-utilized several times for new product versions as well as the “black box” recorder and more than 20 ATC simulators. ATC is examined from the architectural, development and maintenance as well as the verification points of view. Finally, lessons learned from ATC as well as further usage of the concepts in Sweden are reviewed.

1 Introduction

The safety of millions of train passengers is dependent upon reliable safety related equipment and functions in the entire railway system. One of the important functions is the monitoring of the behavior of train drivers; that is, assuring that they abide by speed limits, signal status and other conditions. There have been several train accidents in Europe and elsewhere during the past twenty years where the proper operation of this function would have hindered these incidents. This function, now often referred to as Automatic Train Protection (ATP), has been implemented since the late 1970s in Sweden as the Automatic Train Control (ATC) system.

In this paper, key properties of the Swedish ......