通信工程文献翻译——摘要 

本文充分分析和比较了电压和功率波反射系数的视觉图形，这两个系数直接关系到几何形状在扩展阻抗平面反演变换。为了比较复杂的阻抗端口的两个概念，3D史密斯圆图工具首次出现。本文给出了一个几何图形，更加直观的表示了这两个参数，并提出了一种新的工具，用于处理这两种类型的反射系数。

关键字: 电路分析 3D史密斯圆图 无源电路 反射系数

一．引言

电压和功率波反射系数的使用是微波理论的核心。 对于复杂特性阻抗（即，有损耗传输线或复阻抗端口）和无源负载，电压反射系数可以超过单位而不违反能量守恒定律[1]。 此外，EM功率的净通量的计算更加困难，因为还必须考虑入射和反射波之间的混合项。过去已经提出了几种扩展的史密斯图，以便能够使用具有复杂特性阻抗的端口可视化无源负载[2]，[3]。

为了规避这些问题，电力波多年前被引入[4]。 虽然相对微波技术不为所知，但这个概念被广泛应用于商业EM软件。由于它们不是真正的传播波，它们的使用产生了批评和争议[5]。 在使用功率波时，EM功率的净通量可以计算为由入射所携带的功率和反射功率波之间的差。 此外，即使在有损耗的传输线中，任何类型的无源负载的功率波反射系数的幅度也不超过1。

在这项工作中，电压和功率波反射系数以前所未有的视觉方式进行比较，提出了这个新的工具，这有助于解释两个反射系数的差异。这种直观的表现是通过扩展复平面中的直接反演变换理论[7]获得的，它是一个关于纯数学的概念，但是在电子学中被忽略，所以导致3D史密斯图视觉工具的出现.......

Abstract — This paper analyzes and compares voltage and power wave reflection coefficients using a visual representation which fully exploits that both coefficients are directly related to the geometry of direct inversive transformations in the extended impedance plane. In order to compare the two concepts for complex impedance ports, the 3D Smith chart tool is used in premiere. The paper gives a geometrical and more intuitive insight of these two parameters and proposes a novel tool for handling both types of reflection coefficients. 

Index Terms — Circuit analysis, 3D Smith chart, passive circuits, reflection coefficient

I. INTRODUCTION

The usage of voltage and power wave reflection coefficients is at the heart of microwave theory. For complex characteristic impedances (i.e., lossy transmission lines or complex impedance ports) and passive loads, the voltage reflection coefficient can exceed unity without violating the law of conservation of energy [1]. Moreover, the computation of the net flux of EM power is more difficult since the mixed terms between incident and reflected waves must also be considered. Several extended Smith charts have been proposed in the past to be able to visualize passive loads 

using ports with complex characteristic impedances [2],[3]. In order to circumvent these problems, the power waves were introduced many years ago [4]. Although relatively unkown to the microwave community, this concept is widely used in commercial EM software. Since they are not truly propagating waves, their usage has generated criticism and......