通信工程文献翻译——摘要：

监督控制和数据采集（SCADA）系统是用来监测，运行和维修电网的能源基础设施的通信和控制系统。相对于传统的应用，SCADA系统对关键的任务有一个苛刻的最后期限。在SCADA系统中使用的实时数据库有特殊的时间限制。SCADA中的实时数据库把传统数据库扩展到包括了内存数据库。这种实时数据库管理是设计在恶劣环境下的实时系统中运行的，对资源利用有严格的要求，并准备提供实际应用要求的性能和可靠性。在这篇论文中，已经介绍了实时数据库主要的原理，讨论了电力系统SCADA的实施，简单介绍了一个示例数据库。

关键词：SCADA系统；实时；数据库；内存数据库

1.引言

监督控制和数据采集（SCADA）系统是用来监测，运行和维修电网的能源基础设施的通信和控制系统。相对于传统的应用，SCADA系统对关键的任务有一个苛刻的最后期限。它有不同的特点：系统必须保持大量的共享数据和控制数据；SCADA系统每次的实时任务都有严格的时间要求，而用来分析和处理的数据是根据时间变化而变化的。实时数据生命周期短，例如：所有远程测量和远程信号的数据必须每隔5秒更新一次，基于过时数据的决定或推论是无效的[1,2]。

因此，用于SCADA系统的数据库是有特殊的时间限制的。该数据库应该能够处理持续静态数据，保持其完整性和一致性，应该能够在处理过程中其时间限制内处理动态数据，确保数据访问的一致和效率[3,4]。这种数据库被列为实时数据库。数据及其处理实时SCADA数据库有苛刻的时间限制。其精确度不仅仅依赖于业务逻辑的结果，还由合乎逻辑的推论是否在特定的间隔内完成来决定。因此，我们需要结合实时理论和传统的数据库技术来实现在SCADA系统中的实时数据库。

2.实时数据库实施中的技术问题

如同传统数据库管理系统，实时数据库系统（RTDBMS）作为数据储存库，并提供了有效地存储，负载和数据操纵。他们必须具备一般数据库系统的基本功能。此外，为了满足被管理数据，交易的时间限制和性能的时间上的要求。实时数据库应该支持在线查询，定位，删除和插入。内存数据库......

A Supervision Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system is a communication and control system used for monitoring, operation and maintenance of energy infrastructure grids. Compared with raditional applications, a SCADA system has a harsh deadline for critical tasks. There is special time constraint for the real time database used in a SCADA system. The real time database in SCADA extends traditional database to include in-memory database. Such real time database management are designed to operate in the harsh environment of realtime systems, with strict requirements for resource utilization, and are ready to provide the performance and reliability required by real-life applications. In this paper, the main principle of real time database has been introduced. Its implementation in power system SCADA is discussed and a sample database is briefly introduced. 

Key words: SCADA, Real-time, Database, In-memory Database 

1. Introduction 

A Supervision Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system is a communication and control system used for monitoring, operation and maintenance of energy infrastructure grids. Compared with raditional applications, a SCADA system has a harsh deadline for critical tasks. It has different characteristics: the system must maintain massive sharing data and control data; also each real-time task of a SCADA system has a rigorous time requirement, while the data for analysis and processing is time-variant. Real time data has a short life cycle; for example, all the data of remote measurements and remote signals must be updated every 5 seconds and the decision or derivation based on obsolete data is invalid [1,2].Therefore, there is special time constraint for the database used in a SCADA system. The database should be able to process persistent static data, maintain the integrity and consistency of them, should be able to deal with the dynamic data within its time constraints during processing and ensure the concurrence and efficiency of data access......