通信工程文献翻译——1 一般概述 

该AT89S51是一个低功耗，高性能CMOS 8位微控制器,可在4K字节的系统内编程的闪存存储器。该设备是采用Atmel的高密度、非易失性存储器技术和符合工业标准的80C51指令集和引脚。芯片上的Flash程序存储器在系统中可重新编程或常规非易失性内存编程 。通过结合通用8位中央处理器的系统内可编程闪存的单芯片， AT89S51是一个功能强大的微控制器提供了高度灵活的和具有成本效益的解决办法，可在许多嵌入式控制中应用。 

在AT89S51提供以下标准功能： 4K字节的Flash闪存 ， 128字节的RAM ， 32个 I / O线，看门狗定时器，两个数据指针，两个16位定时器/计数器， 5向量两级中断结构，全双工串行端口，片上振荡器和时钟电路。此外， AT89S51设计了可降至零频率的静态逻辑操作和支持两种软件可选的节电工作模式。

在空闲模式下停止CPU的工作，但允许RAM 、定时器/计数器、串行接口和中断系统继续运行。掉电模式保存RAM中的内容，停止振荡器工作并禁止其它所有部件工作，直到下一个外部中断或硬件复位。 

2 端口

P0端口是一个8位漏极开路双向I / O端口。作为一个输出端口，每个引脚可驱动8个TTL输入。对端口写“1”可作为高阻抗输入端用。在访问外部程序和数据存储器时，P0端口也可以配置为复低阶地址/数据总线。在访问期间激活内部上拉电阻。在Flash编程时，PO端口接收指令字节，而在程序校验时，输出指令字节，同时要求外接上拉电阻。 

P1端口是一个带内部上拉电阻的8位双向I /O端口。P1端口的输出缓冲级可以驱动四个TTL输入。对端口写“1”，通过内部的上拉电阻把端口拉到高电平，此时可作为输入口。作为输入口时，因为内部存在上拉电阻，某个引脚被外部信号拉低时会输出一个电流（IIL），Flash编程和程序校验期间，P1接收低8位地址。

P2端口是一个带有内部上拉电阻的8位双向I/O端口。P2端口的输出缓冲级可驱动（吸收或输出电流）4个TTL输入。对端口写“1”，通过内部的上拉电阻把端口拉到高电平，此时可作输入口。当作输入口使用时，因为内部存在上拉电阻，某个引脚被外部信号拉低时会输出一个电流（IIL）。在访问外部程序存储器或16位地址的外部数据存储器（例如执行 MOVX @ DPTR指令 ）时，P2端口送出高8位地址数据。 在访问8位地址的外部数据存储器（例如执行MOVX@Ri指令）时，P2端口上的内容（即特殊功能寄存器（SFR)区中P2寄存器的内容），在整个访问期间不变。Flash编程或校验时，P2也可接收高位地址和其它控制信号。

P3端口是一组带有内部上拉电阻的8位双向I/O端口。P3端口输出缓冲级可驱动（吸收或输出电流）4个TTL逻辑门电路。对P3端口写入“1”时，他们被内部上拉电阻拉高并作为输入端口。当作输入端时，被外部拉低的P2端口将用上拉电阻输出......

1 General Description

The AT89S51 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 4K bytes of In-System Programmable Flash memory. The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry-standard 80C51 instruction set and pinout. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with In-System Programmable Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S51 is a powerful microcontroller which provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded control applications.

The AT89S51 provides the following standard features: 4K bytes of Flash, 128 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, Watchdog timer, two data pointers, two 16-bit timer/counters, a five-vector two-level interrupt architecture, a full duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator, and clock circuitry. In addition, the AT89S51 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency and supports two software selectable power saving modes. 

The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port, and interrupt system to continue functioning. The Power-down mode saves the RAM contents but freezes the oscillator, disabling all other chip functions until the next external interrupt or hardware reset.

2 Ports

Port 0 is an 8-bit open drain bi-directional I/O port. As an output port, each pin can sink eight TTL inputs. When 1s are written to port 0 pins, the pins can be used as high-impedance inputs. Port 0 can also be configured to be the multiplexed low-order address/data bus during accesses to external program and data memory. In this mode, P0 has internal pull-ups. Port 0 also receives the code bytes during Flash programming and outputs the code bytes during program verification. External pull-ups are required during program verification.

Port 1 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-ups. The Port 1 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 1 pins, they are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 1 pins that are