通信工程文献翻译——描述

AT89C51是一个低电压，高性能CMOS 8位单片机带有4K字节的可反复擦写的程序存储器（PENROM）。这种器件采用ATMEL公司的高密度、不容易丢失存储技术生产，并且能够与MCS-51系列的单片机兼容。片内含有8位中央处理器和闪烁存储单元，有较强的功能的AT89C51单片机能够被应用到控制领域中。

功能特性

AT89C51提供以下的功能标准：4K字节闪烁存储器，128字节随机存取数据存储器，32个I/O口，2个16位定时/计数器，1个5向量两级中断结构，1个串行通信口，片内震荡器和时钟电路。另外，AT89C51还可以进行0HZ的静态逻辑操作，并支持两种软件的节电模式。闲散方式停止中央处理器的工作，能够允许随机存取数据存储器、定时/计数器、串行通信口及中断系统继续工作。掉电方式保存随机存取数据存储器中的内容，但震荡器停止工作并禁止其它所有部件的工作直到下一个复位。

引脚描述

VCC：电源电压    

GND：地

P0口

P0口是一组8位漏极开路双向I/O口，即地址/数据总线复用口。作为输出口时，每一个管脚都能够驱动8个TTL电路。当“1”被写入P0口时，每个管脚都能够作为高阻抗输入端。P0口还能够在访问外部数据存储器或程序存储器时，转换地址和数据总线复用，并在这时激活内部的上拉电阻。P0口在闪烁编程时，P0口接收指令，在程序校验时，输出指令，需要接电阻。

P1口

P1口一个带内部上拉电阻的8位双向I/O口，P1的输出缓冲级可驱动4个TTL电路。对端口写“1”，通过内部的电阻把端口拉到高电平，此时可作为输入口。因为内部有电阻，某个引脚被外部信号拉低时输出一个电流。闪烁编程时和程序校验时，P1口接收低8位地址。

P2口

P2口是一个内部带有上拉电阻的8位双向I/O口，P2的输出缓冲级可驱动4个TTL电路。对端口写“1”，通过内部的电阻把端口拉到高电平，此时，可作为输入口。因为内部有电阻，某个引脚被外部信号拉低时会输出一个电流。在访问外部程序存储器或16位地址的外部数据存储器时，P2口送出高8位地址数据。在访问8位地址的外部数据存储器时，P2口线上的内容在整个运行期间不变。闪烁编程或校验时，P2口接收高位地址和其它控制信号。

P3口

P3口是一组带有内部电阻的8位双向I/O口，P3口输出缓冲故可驱动4个TTL电路。对P3口写如“1”时，它们被内部电阻拉到高电平并可作为输入端时，被外部拉低的P3口将用电阻输出电流。

Description

The AT89C51 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 4K bytes of Flash programmable and erasable read only memory (PEROM). The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry-standard MCS-51 instruction set and pinout. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89C51 is a powerful microcomputer which provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded control applications.

Function characteristic

The AT89C51 provides the following standard features: 4K bytes of Flash, 128 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, two 16-bit timer/counters, a five vector two-level interrupt architecture, a full duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator and clock circuitry. In addition, the AT89C51 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency and supports two software selectable power saving modes. The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port and interrupt system to continue functioning. The Power-down Mode saves the RAM contents but freezes the oscillator disabling all other chip functions until the next hardware reset.

Pin Description

VCC：Supply voltage.

GND：Ground.

Port 0

Port 0 is an 8-bit open-drain bi-directional I/O port. As an output port, each pin can sink eight TTL inputs. When 1s are written to port 0 pins, the pins can be used as highimpedance inputs.Port 0 may also be configured to be the multiplexed loworder address/data bus during accesses to external program and data memory. In this mode P0 has internal pullups.Port 0 also receives the code bytes during Flash programming,and outputs the code bytes during programverification. External pullups are required during programverification.

Port 1

Port 1 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pullups.The Port 1 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs.When 1s are written to Port 1 pins they are pulled high by the internal pullups and can be used as inputs. As inputs,Port 1 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the internal pullups.Port 1 also receives the low-order address bytes during Flash programming and verification.

Port 2

Port 2 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pullups.The Port 2 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs.When 1s are written to Port 2 pins they are pulled high by the internal pullups and can be used as inputs. As inputs,Port 2 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current, because of the internal pullups.Port 2 emits the high-order