集合降水和水位预测的水控制系统文献翻译
[关键词:集合降水,水位预测] [热度 ]提示:此作品编号wxfy0198,word完整版包含【英文文献,中文翻译】 |
通信工程文献翻译——摘要
一种方案已经提出来用于测试天气预报进而用来预测水位系统的控制。ECMWF系统中的适用性预报系统(EPS)是用来测试在荷兰的洪水控制系统,通过履行长期验证分析,全方位的决策规划,进行了预见性的控制措施,以便产生正确的报警,防止错过重大事件以至于引起人们虚惊一场。从分析包括预测3到9天的极端降水事件和极端水位的事件。该水位预测系统准备把ECMWFEPS改变成一个确定性的水系统控制模型。目前策略是对当日运行状况进行建模预测,以防止水位过高,因此预期控制措施是必要的。结果表明: ECMWF降水预报包含有用的对于在荷兰区域水资源系统控制的信息。在分析期间的所有事件都进行了预测。该分析的方法允许管理者来决策规则,在此基础上,根据预测期间的安全性,允许一些假的报警造成的不利影响。
1.介绍
a.预期水控制系统
天气预报可以用来决定早期水系统控制措施,防止或者减少在洪水、干旱或水的质量的问题。这种类型的控制,不是测量而是预测,正是本文所指的是预见性的水控制系统。在荷兰,水坝涉及进一步的水控制系统以便于洪水控制管理。这是因为调节流量的结构,如泵站,不要总是有足够的能力来防止水灾或过高的水位。可以通过暂时允许水位比正常操作条件下低,允许创造更多的存储容量来减少暴风雨事件带来的损害。
由于预期开始控制行动要根据取得的气象和水文报告的不确定,这里有风险性的损害,是由于极端事件的发生或是预报系统对极端事件的漏报,或是由于预报系统对极端事件进行了预报,但是极端事件并没有发生,
本论文讨论了利用预见性水控制系统为基础来预测天气预报的可能性概率。
b.集合预报系统
集合预报系统(EPSs)是在一个扰动的数值初始条件和不同的参数化模型为基础来替代大气预测。其目标在扰动的数值初始条件和不同的参数化模型,使得每一个人或全体水位成员来说,可以认为是同样可能的。这意味着,如果我们采取的,例如,该成员为未来X天降水预报,这些预测将是一个X日降水的概率分布曲线估计。气象单位作为全国环境预报中心(NCEP),欧洲中心的中等范围天气预报 (ECMWF)和加拿大的气象服务(MSC)依据国家和地区水文气象组织为这个系统提供操作(Buizzaet艾尔,2005年)。这些提供和访问能过始终如一的产生,实时不确定信息的天气预测,这意味着水文预报的产生。这个允许进行风险选择,......
ABSTRACT
A method is presented for testing weather forecast products for applications in anticipatory water-system control. The applicability of the ensemble prediction system (EPS) of the ECMWF is tested for flood control in a regional water system in the Netherlands. By performing long-term verification analyses, a full range of probability-threshold-based decision rules to apply anticipatory control actions is evaluated in terms of hits (correct alerts), missed events, and false alarms. The analysis includes forecast horizons from 3 to 9 days for extreme precipitation events and extreme water-level events. The water-level forecasts are prepared by feeding each member of the ECMWF EPS precipitation ensemble into a deterministic watersystem control model. The current operational strategy is modeled to forecast when the routine operational control will not be sufficient to prevent high water levels, and therefore anticipatory control actions are needed. The results show that ECMWF EPS precipitation forecasts contain useful information for regional water-system control in the Netherlands. All critical events during the analysis period were forecasted. The applied analysis method allows water managers to define decision rules, on the basis of requirements, in terms of forecast horizon, safety, and allowable costs of adverse effects of false alarms.
1. Introduction
a. Anticipatory water-system control
Weather forecasts can be used to decide on early water-system control actions to prevent or reduce problems with floods, droughts, or water quality. This type of control, based on forecasts instead of measurements,will be referred to in this paper as anticipatory watersystem control.
In the Netherlands, water boards are concerned with developing further anticipatory water-system control for operational flood management. This is because regulating discharge structures, like pumping stations,do not always have sufficient capacity to prevent flooding or high water levels. Damage can be reduced by......
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