通信工程文献翻译——本文介绍了模糊控制系统,其中概述了模糊控制理论和并介绍了一些简单的应用例子。

（1）介绍模糊逻辑与模糊控制

模糊逻辑在机器控制中已经成为一个普通的词语。但是，它容易让人有一定的怀疑，其听起来像”半生不熟的逻辑”或“假逻辑”，其他一些术语可能也是可取的，但是已经晚了，现在实际上的模糊逻辑很简单。模糊逻辑是一种固有的模拟接口程序 ，它在一定的范围内连续的变化，再接到数字计算机，即得到离散的定义数值。

例如，一个防抱死制动系统，由微机控制芯片执行。微控制器有以下几方面决定制动：温度，速度，和系统中的其他变化量。温度在这个系统中可以分为一系列的状态，如：冷，凉，温和，温暖，热，极热。但是定义这些状态的范围有点难，任意状态可能会被设置为温和或温暖，但是，当输入值超过这一范围时，将会出现一个不连续的变化，用这种方法就要使状态模糊化，也就是说允许他们从一个状态变化到另外一个状态。你可以用隶属函数来定义输入温度状态。如以下内容：

有了这个定义，输入变量的状态不再从一个状态突然的变化到另外一个状态。取而代之的，随着温度的变化，在一个隶属函数中，当增值到下一个状态时，它将在这个状态中失去。在任何一个时候，制动温度的真值，几乎一般是在一定程度上的两个隶属函数：0.6“正常”、0.4“温暖”或0.7“常温”和0.3“凉”等等。

模糊控制系统的输入一般都映射到了一系列隶属函数，被称为“模糊集”。将输入真值转换为模糊值的过程就是所谓的模糊化。

控制系统也可能不同类型的或开关量，以模拟量的输入或以开关量的输入，......

This document is an introduction to fuzzy control systems. It provides an overview of their theory of operation, followed by elementary examples of their use. 

[1] INTRODUCTION TO FUZZY LOGIC & FUZZY CONTROL

 "Fuzzy logic" has become a common buzzword in machine control. However, the term itself inspires a certain skepticism, sounding equivalent to "half-baked logic" or "bogus logic". Some other nomenclature might have been preferable, but it's too late now, and fuzzy logic is actually very straightforward. Fuzzy logic is a way of interfacing inherently analog processes, that move through a continuous range of values, to a digital computer, that likes to see things as well-defined discrete numeric values. 

For example, consider an antilock braking system, directed by a microcontroller chip. The microcontroller has to make decisions based on brake temperature, speed, and other variables in the system. 

The variable "temperature" in this system can be divided into a range of "states", such as: "cold", "cool", "moderate", "warm", "hot", "very hot". Defining the bounds of these states is a 

bit tricky. An arbitrary threshold might be set to divide "warm" from "hot", but this would result in a discontinuous change when the input value passed over that threshold. 

The way around this is to make the states "fuzzy", that is, allow them to change gradually from one state to the next. You could define the input temperature states using "membership.......